The cause of ulcers inside the mouth./detailed information

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 Mouth ulcers, also known as canker sores or aphthous ulcers, are small, painful lesions that develop inside the mouth. They can appear on the inner cheeks, lips, tongue, gums, or the roof of the mouth. These ulcers are usually not contagious and tend to heal on their own within 1–2 weeks. Below is detailed information on the causes of mouth ulcers:

🔹 Common Causes of Mouth Ulcers

1. Minor Trauma

Biting the inside of the cheek or tongue

Injury from sharp teeth, braces, dentures, or rough brushing

Burns from hot foods or drinks

2. Stress and Hormonal Changes

Emotional stress or anxiety can trigger mouth ulcers.

Hormonal changes during menstruation or pregnancy may also play a role.

3. Nutritional Deficiencies

Deficiencies in the following nutrients are commonly associated with ulcers:

Vitamin B12

Iron

Folate (Vitamin B9)

Zinc

4. Food Sensitivities and Allergies

Some individuals may develop ulcers after consuming:

Citrus fruits (like oranges, lemons)

Spicy or acidic foods

Chocolate

Coffee

Nuts or gluten-containing foods

5. Medical Conditions

Certain systemic diseases can cause or exacerbate ulcers:

Celiac disease

Crohn’s disease

Ulcerative colitis

Behçet’s disease

HIV/AIDS

Lupus

6. Infections

Viral infections (e.g., Herpes Simplex Virus)

Fungal infections (especially in immunocompromised people)

Bacterial infections

7. Immune System Dysfunction

An overactive immune response may cause the body to attack cells in the mouth, resulting in ulcers.

8. Medications

Some medications can trigger or worsen ulcers:

NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen)

Beta-blockers

Chemotherapy drugs

Immunosuppressants

9. Genetic Factors

A family history of mouth ulcers increases your risk, suggesting a genetic component.

🔹 Types of Mouth Ulcers

Minor aphthous ulcers

Small (less than 1 cm), round or oval

Heal within 7–10 days without scarring

Major aphthous ulcers

Larger and deeper

Can last several weeks and may leave scars

Herpetiform ulcers

Numerous small ulcers that can merge

Not caused by the herpes virus

🔹 When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if:

Ulcers last longer than 2–3 weeks

They are unusually large or spreading

You have frequent outbreaks

You experience high fever, diarrhea, or joint pain

There are signs of infection (pus, severe redness)

🔹 Prevention and Management Tips

Maintain good oral hygiene

Use a soft-bristled toothbrush

Avoid foods that trigger ulcers

Manage stress effectively

Treat underlying health conditions

Consider using protective dental devices if mechanical irritation is a cause